解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:BACKGROUND:While dendritic cells (DCs) can induce tolerance in T cells, little is known about tolerance induction in DCs themselves. We have analysed tolerance induced in human in-vitro generated DCs by repeated stimulation with ligands for TLR4 and TLR2. RESULTS:DCs stimulated with the TLR4 ligand LPS did show a rapi...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-69
更新日期:2008-11-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Some chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, have been shown to have an adjuvant effect in mice. However, an adjuvant effect, defined as an inherent ability to stimulate the humoral immune response, was only observed after exposure to a limited number of the phthalates. An adjuvant effect may be du...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-61
更新日期:2008-10-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bv8, prokineticin-1, or endocrine gland-vascular endothelial growth factor, and prokineticin-2 are recently isolated peptide agonists of two G protein-coupled receptors, prokineticin receptor-1 (PROKR 1) and PROKR 2, and have been described as affecting a number of myeloid cell functions. We evaluated the im...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-60
更新日期:2008-10-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The USDA, Wildlife Services cooperative oral rabies vaccination (ORV) program uses a live vaccinia virus-vectored (genus Orthopoxvirus) vaccine, Raboral V-RG (V-RG), to vaccinate specific wildlife species against rabies virus in several regions of the U.S. Several naturally occurring orthopoxviruses have bee...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-57
更新日期:2008-10-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Streptococcus pneumoniae is a human pathogenic bacteria and a major cause of severe invasive diseases, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. Infections with S. pneumoniae evoke a strong inflammatory response, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. RESULTS:In this st...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-52
更新日期:2008-09-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a critical role in mediating inflammatory/immune responses against bacterial pathogens in lung. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) were previously reported to synergize with each other to induce inflammatory responses. Desp...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-40
更新日期:2008-07-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We have previously reported that ATP treatment of M bovis-BCG infected human macrophages induces P2X7 receptor-dependent killing of intracellular mycobacteria. The mechanism mediating this bactericidal effect has not been full characterized but is known to be Ca2+-dependent and to promote the maturation and ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-35
更新日期:2008-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis is an important causative agent of pertussis, an infectious disease of the respiratory tract. After introduction of whole-cell vaccines (wP) in the 1950's, pertussis incidence has decreased significantly. Because wP were found to be reactogenic, in most develo...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-21
更新日期:2008-05-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We have recently demonstrated that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis RA) promote IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 synthesis, while decreasing IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha expression by activated human T cells and reduces the synthesis of IL-12p70 from accessory cells. Here, we have demonstrated th...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-16
更新日期:2008-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dendritic cells (DC) play the key role in directing antigen-specific immune responses and manipulating their function may be a useful tool for immunotherapy. The balance between immune stimulation and tolerance is particularly important at mucosal interfaces, where discrimination between dangerous pathogens ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-10
更新日期:2008-03-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In celiac disease gluten, the disease-inducing toxic component in wheat, induces the secretion of autoantibodies which are targeted against transglutaminase 2 (TG2). These autoantibodies are produced in the small-intestinal mucosa, where they can be found deposited extracellularly below the epithelial baseme...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-6
更新日期:2008-02-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules bind, and present to T cells, short peptides derived from intracellular processing of proteins. The peptide repertoire of a specific molecule is to a large extent determined by the molecular structure accommodating so-called main anchor positions of th...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-9-1
更新日期:2008-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by defective function of Fas, autoimmune manifestations that predominantly involve blood cells, polyclonal accumulation of lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes with lymphoadenomegaly and/or splenomegaly, and expans...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-8-28
更新日期:2007-11-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dysregulation of the immune system has been shown to occur during spaceflight, although the detailed nature of the phenomenon and the clinical risks for exploration class missions have yet to be established. Also, the growing clinical significance of immune system evaluation combined with epidemic infectious...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-8-7
更新日期:2007-05-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been used to preserve and standardize immunologic measurements for multicenter studies, however, effects of cryopreservation on cytokine responses are incompletely understood. In designing immunologic studies for a new multicenter birth cohort study ...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-7-29
更新日期:2006-12-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent for melioidosis. For many bacterial infections, cytokine dysregulation is one of the contributing factors to the severe clinical outcomes in the susceptible hosts. The C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice have been established as a differential model of susceptibility in m...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-7-19
更新日期:2006-08-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are the most common mammals in North America and are reservoirs for several zoonotic agents, including Sin Nombre virus (SNV), the principal etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in North America. Unlike human HCPS patients, SNV-infected deer mice sh...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-7-18
更新日期:2006-08-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Marginal zone (MZ) B cells play important roles in the early phases of humoral immune responses. In addition to possessing an inherent capacity to rapidly differentiate into antibody secreting cells, MZ B cells also help to regulate the fate of both T-independent and T-dependent blood-borne antigens in the s...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-6-8
更新日期:2005-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are three major B-cell compartments in peripheral lymphoid organs: the germinal center (GC), the mantle zone (MNZ) and the marginal zone (MGZ). Unique sets of B-cells reside in these compartments, and they have specific functional roles in humoral immune response. MNZ B cells are naive cells in a quies...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-5-20
更新日期:2004-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Immunoglobulin rearrangement involves random and imprecise processes that act to both create and constrain diversity. Two such processes are the loss of nucleotides through the action of unknown exonuclease(s) and the addition of P nucleotides. The study of such processes has been compromised by difficulties...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-5-19
更新日期:2004-09-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Parasite-specific IgE levels correlate with human resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma spp. after chemotherapy. Although the role of eosinophils in schistosomiasis has been the focus of a great deal of important research, the involvement of other Fcepsilon receptor-bearing cells, such as mast cells and...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-5-6
更新日期:2004-04-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neutrophils are critical in the defense against potentially harmful microorganisms, but their excessive and inappropriate activation can contribute significantly to tissue damage and a worsening pathology. Through the release of endocrine factors submandibular glands contribute to achieving a balance in neut...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-4-3
更新日期:2003-03-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Insulin dependent (i.e., "type 1") diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is considered to be a T cell mediated disease in which TH1 and Tc autoreactive cells attack the pancreatic islets. Among the beta-cell antigens implicated in T1DM, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 appears to play a key role in the development of...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-4-2
更新日期:2003-02-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:T-cells extravasation and CNS parenchyma infiltration during autoimmune neurodegenerative disease can be evoked by local antigen presenting cells. Studying the chemoattracting potential of spinal perivascular macrophages (SPM) during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), we observed numerous infiltr...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-3-11
更新日期:2002-08-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Gene transfer studies in primary T cells have suffered from the limitations of conventional viral transduction or transfection techniques. Replication-defective adenoviral vectors are an attractive alternative for gene delivery. However, naive lymphocytes are not readily susceptible to infection with adenovi...
journal_title:BMC immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1471-2172-3-4
更新日期:2002-05-02 00:00:00